Posthumous Etudes (One Hundred Posthumous Studies)

100 Posthumous Studies
Composed by Joachim Andersen
For solo flute
Edited by Toke Lund
Published by Wilhelm Hansen

Foreword:
      The collection comprises two independent manuscripts in Andersen's characteristic hand; both manuscripts are to be found at the “Musikhistorisk Museum” in Copenhagen. I am indebted to the general manager of the museum, Mrs. Mette Muller, for having told me about the existence of these studies. 
      Generally, it can be said about Andersen's studies that it is the early collection – e.g. “24 Grosse Etuden, opus 15” – that contain the musical gems which in France made him known as “the Chopin of the flute”. These 100 Posthumous Studies are concise, the tonal language used is traditional and they are musically convincing. 
      100 Posthumous Studies provide suitable material for elementary students as well as advanced players. The unusual feature of preceding each key with a scale has been transfered directly from the Andersen manuscript. 
      In the original manuscripts the studies are almost exclusively in the sharp keys, and a great many of them have 5 or 6 sharps. The composer must have had an almost overdeveloped ear for harmonies for he juggles with both double flats and double sharps, apparently with the greatest ease. The result of this, however, is that such pieces become extremely uncomfortable to play on the flute (in fact, it is quite extraordinary for a flute-player to write such music!) and therefore I have decided to transpose all studies with more than three sharps or flats as their key signature. Musically speaking, they gain from it and to the not-so-practiced flautist, I consider it will be a great help.
      In many cases Joachim Andersen has been scrupulous enough to indicate tempo and nuances. Where such indications are missing, my suggestions will be found in the brackets. All phrasing signs are original and the few remarks to the performer are Andersen's, too. Apart from nos. 86 to 88 and no. 100 (which is my variation on no. 99) all studies are original, and I have indicated the few instances where the same study is repeated in a different key. 
-Toke Lund